English morphology answers about: constituent morphemes, free and bound morphemes, inflectional and derivational affixes, compound words, syntactic category, word root and stem, suffixes and prefixes.
Answers 1 Exercise
a) Divide the following words into their constituent morphemes by placing a plus sign (+) between the morphemes, and indicate for each morpheme whether it is bound or free:
clean + ing + lady
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anti + skid + ing + device
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(F) + (B) + (F)
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(B) + (F) + (B) + (F)
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nation + hood
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mush + room
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(F) + (B)
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(F) + (F)
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de + rail + ment + s
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de + put + ise
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(B) + (F) + (B) + (B)
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(B) + (F) + (B)
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inter + nation + al + iz + ation
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pre + destin + at + ion
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(B) + (F) + (B) + (B) + (B)
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(B) + (F) + (B) + (B)
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b) A number of morphemes in the following passage are italicized. For each, say
whether it is bound or free; if bound, whether it is an inflection or a derivational affix.
-ful : Bound, Derivational
-ive : Bound, Derivational
-ary : Bound, Derivational
-ed : Bound, Inflectional
thing : Free
-ies : Bound, Inflectional
-al : Bound, Derivational
Answers 2 Exercise
Study the following passage and then answer the questions below. Take your examples from the passage. You may need a brief look at affixes rules.
a) Identify 3 compound words. For each one, name the grammatical category of the compound, and the grammatical category of the elements that compose it.
sunlight is a noun, made up of noun + noun.
new-born is an adjective, made up of adjective + verb.
dragonflies is a noun, made up of noun + noun.
b) Divide the following words into their component morphemes, labelling each morpheme F (free), I (inflectional), or D (derivational):
un + be + liev + able, dragon + fli + es
(D) + (D) + (F) + (D), (F) + (F) + (I)
c) What is the function of the suffix –ly in the words fatuously, solemnly, and thickly?
The suffix -ly creates adverbs (fatuously, solemnly, and thickly) when it is attached to adjectives (fatuous, solemn, and thick)
d) Identify two other words containing (different) derivational suffixes, name the grammatical category of the stem to which the suffix is attached, and the grammatical category of the derived word.
wild (adjective) + ness = Noun
aerobat (noun) + ic = Adjective
e) Describe the function of the suffix –s in foals and waves, and that of the suffix -ed in swayed and sparkled.
The suffix -s is an inflectional morpheme that signals the plural form of nouns, foal and wave are sigular nouns, they become plural nouns when the morpheme -s is suffixed to them.
The suffix -ed is also an inflectional morpheme that signals the past tense form of regular verbs, when attached to the morpheme -ed they describe an action happening in the past.
f) Comment on the past tense forms swam and broke.
the past tense of the verbs swim and break is expressed by an ablaut form where a substitution of vowels occurs in the past form.
sunlight is a noun, made up of noun + noun.
new-born is an adjective, made up of adjective + verb.
dragonflies is a noun, made up of noun + noun.
b) Divide the following words into their component morphemes, labelling each morpheme F (free), I (inflectional), or D (derivational):
un + be + liev + able, dragon + fli + es
(D) + (D) + (F) + (D), (F) + (F) + (I)
c) What is the function of the suffix –ly in the words fatuously, solemnly, and thickly?
The suffix -ly creates adverbs (fatuously, solemnly, and thickly) when it is attached to adjectives (fatuous, solemn, and thick)
d) Identify two other words containing (different) derivational suffixes, name the grammatical category of the stem to which the suffix is attached, and the grammatical category of the derived word.
wild (adjective) + ness = Noun
aerobat (noun) + ic = Adjective
e) Describe the function of the suffix –s in foals and waves, and that of the suffix -ed in swayed and sparkled.
The suffix -s is an inflectional morpheme that signals the plural form of nouns, foal and wave are sigular nouns, they become plural nouns when the morpheme -s is suffixed to them.
The suffix -ed is also an inflectional morpheme that signals the past tense form of regular verbs, when attached to the morpheme -ed they describe an action happening in the past.
f) Comment on the past tense forms swam and broke.
the past tense of the verbs swim and break is expressed by an ablaut form where a substitution of vowels occurs in the past form.
Answers 3 Exercise
List the morphemes in each word below, and state whether each morpheme is free (F) or bound (B) :
revengeful
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revenge (F)
ful (B) |
misunderestimated
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mis (B)
under (B) estimate (F) ed (B) |
unrestricted
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un (B)
re (B) strict (F) ed (B) |
afters
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afters (F)
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eathest
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eath (F)
est (B) |
havingness
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have (F)
ing (B) ness (B) |
undeterminable
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un (B)
de (B) termine (F) able (B) |
upset
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up (B)
set (F) |
strawberry
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straw (F)
berry (F) |
upstairs
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up (B)
stair (F) s (B) |
asymmetric
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a (B)
sym (B) metre (F) ic (B) |
ditransitive
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di (B)
trans (F) ite (B) ive (B) |
landholder
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land (F)
hold (F) er (B) |
mission
|
mission (F)
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Answers 4 Exercise
Place a (+) between the morphemes of these words as shown in the example below: (Some of the words may be indivisible so they are monomorphemic.)
compress
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com + press
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revision
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re + vis + ion
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microphone
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micro + phone
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befriended
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be + friend + ed
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conscious
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con + scious
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televise
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tele + vise
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superior
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super + ior
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margin
|
margin
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sociology
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socio + logy
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endearment
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end + ear + ment
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tendency
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tend + ency
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psychology
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psycho + logy
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delete
|
delete
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unpalatable
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un + palat + able
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unsupported
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un + sup + port + ed
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holiday
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holi + day
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unsupportable
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un + sup + port + able
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grandmother
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grand + mother
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unsupportability
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un + sup + port + abil + ity
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morphemic
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morph + em + ic
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unsupportably
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un + sup + port + abl + y
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mistreatment
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mis + treat + ment
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unsupportableness
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un + sup + port + able + ness
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deactivation
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de + act + iv + at + ion
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independentists
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in + depend + ent + ist + s
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saltpeter
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salt + pet + er
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forget
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for + get
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airsickness
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air + sick + ness
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infinitary
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in + finit + ary
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bureaucrat
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bureau + crat
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motives
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motive + s
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democrat
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demo + crat
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abruption
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ab + rupt + ion
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aristocrat
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aristocrat
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aerialist
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aer + ial + ist
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plutocrat
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pluto + crat
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serialization
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seri + al + iz + ation
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democracy
|
demo + cracy
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carnivorous
|
carni + vor + ous
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democratic
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demo + crat + ic
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transmit
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trans + mit
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democratically
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demo + crat + ic + al + ly
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sympathy
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sym + path + y
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democratization
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demo + crat + iz + ation
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insane
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in + sane
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democratize
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demo + crat + ize
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riche
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riche
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democratizer
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demo + crat + iz + er
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phobia
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phobia
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democratizing
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demo + crat + iz + ing
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embeded
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em + bed + ed
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democratized
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demo + crat + iz + ed
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Answers 5 Exercise
Match between the expression under A with one statement under B that characterized it:
a. the beard
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6. grammatical morpheme followed by lexical morpheme
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b. beardlike
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5. root morpheme plus derivational suffix
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c. blackbeard
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1. compound noun
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d. beards
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4. root morpheme plus inflectional affix
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e. white beard
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3. phrase consisting of adjective plus noun
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